<script>on mouseUpput 1 into krepeat with k = 1 to 192-- doMenu "New Card"go to card k+1put "" into fld "cText"get line k of card fld "cFiles" of card 194put it into fNameput "guinness:countries:text rtf:" & fName & ".wrd" into fPathput fPathopen file fPathread from file fPath for 100000put the ticks into t1put RTFToField(it, false, "cText") into xx-- get line k of card fld cList of card 1-- put it into cName-- set the name of this card to cNameclose file fPathend repeatend mouseUp</script>
</part>
<part>
<id>66</id>
<type>button</type>
<visible> <true /> </visible>
<reserved5> 0 </reserved5>
<reserved4> 0 </reserved4>
<reserved3> 0 </reserved3>
<reserved2> 0 </reserved2>
<reserved1> 0 </reserved1>
<enabled> <false /> </enabled>
<rect>
<left>418</left>
<top>325</top>
<right>518</right>
<bottom>347</bottom>
</rect>
<style>roundrect</style>
<showName> <true /> </showName>
<highlight> <false /> </highlight>
<autoHighlight> <false /> </autoHighlight>
<sharedHighlight> <true /> </sharedHighlight>
<family>0</family>
<titleWidth>0</titleWidth>
<icon>0</icon>
<textAlign>center</textAlign>
<font>Chicago</font>
<textSize>12</textSize>
<textStyle>plain</textStyle>
<name>Info Button</name>
<script>on mouseUpput 1 into krepeat with k = 1 to 192put ID of card k+1 into Tput T after card field tempoutend repeatend mouseUp</script>
</part>
<part>
<id>67</id>
<type>field</type>
<visible> <true /> </visible>
<dontWrap> <false /> </dontWrap>
<dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
<sharedText> <false /> </sharedText>
<fixedLineHeight> <false /> </fixedLineHeight>
<autoTab> <false /> </autoTab>
<lockText> <false /> </lockText>
<rect>
<left>373</left>
<top>361</top>
<right>590</right>
<bottom>449</bottom>
</rect>
<style>scrolling</style>
<autoSelect> <false /> </autoSelect>
<showLines> <false /> </showLines>
<wideMargins> <false /> </wideMargins>
<multipleLines> <false /> </multipleLines>
<reservedFamily> 0 </reservedFamily>
<titleWidth>0</titleWidth>
<icon>0</icon>
<textAlign>left</textAlign>
<font>Geneva</font>
<textSize>12</textSize>
<textStyle>plain</textStyle>
<textHeight>16</textHeight>
<name>tempout</name>
<script></script>
</part>
<part>
<id>68</id>
<type>button</type>
<visible> <true /> </visible>
<reserved5> 0 </reserved5>
<reserved4> 0 </reserved4>
<reserved3> 0 </reserved3>
<reserved2> 0 </reserved2>
<reserved1> 0 </reserved1>
<enabled> <false /> </enabled>
<rect>
<left>274</left>
<top>375</top>
<right>374</right>
<bottom>397</bottom>
</rect>
<style>roundrect</style>
<showName> <true /> </showName>
<highlight> <false /> </highlight>
<autoHighlight> <false /> </autoHighlight>
<sharedHighlight> <true /> </sharedHighlight>
<family>0</family>
<titleWidth>0</titleWidth>
<icon>0</icon>
<textAlign>center</textAlign>
<font>Chicago</font>
<textSize>12</textSize>
<textStyle>plain</textStyle>
<name>Test Button</name>
<script>on mouseUpput 1 into krepeat with k = 1 to 1put "" into fld "cText"put "guinness:TABLERTF.wrd" into fPathopen file fPathread from file fPath for 100000put the ticks into t1put RTFToField(it, false, "cText") into xxclose file fPathend repeatend mouseUp</script>
<script>on mouseUprepeat with xCard = 2 to number of cards -1get line xCard - 1 of card fld "languages" of card 194if it is not EMPTY thenput it into lCardgo to stack "Guinness:Mac:language samples" in a new windowgo to card lCardgo to stack "Countries"end ifend repeatend mouseUp</script>
<text>AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAndorraAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBhutanBoliviaBosniaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaChina (Taiwan)ColombiaComorosCongoCosta RicaCote D'IvoireCroatiaCubaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGabonGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKorea, DPR (North)Korea, Republic of (South)KuwaitKyrgyzstanLaosLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMarshall IslandsMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNauruNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalQatarRomaniaRussiaRwandaSaint Christopher and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSan MarinoSao Tome e PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslesSomaliaSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSudanSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTogoTongaTrinidadTunisiaTurkeyTurkmenistanTuvaluUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVatican CityVenezuelaVietnamWestern SamoaYemenYugoslaviaZaireZambiaZimbabwe</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>card</layer>
<id>67</id>
<text>card id 2645card id 2885card id 3924card id 4152card id 4579card id 4623card id 5000card id 5822card id 6032card id 6194card id 6589card id 6714card id 7136card id 7174card id 7459card id 7772card id 8175card id 8361card id 8552card id 8843card id 9041card id 9345card id 9719card id 9746card id 10078card id 10323card id 10559card id 10979card id 11261card id 11398card id 11599card id 11827card id 12257card id 12480card id 12683card id 12854card id 13127card id 13501card id 13774card id 13865card id 14110card id 14558card id 14803card id 14943card id 15116card id 15589card id 15703card id 15924card id 16355card id 16612card id 16890card id 16956card id 17333card id 17478card id 17828card id 18072card id 18212card id 18538card id 18723card id 19081card id 19259card id 19456card id 19823card id 20078card id 20403card id 20703card id 20956card id 21052card id 21273card id 21517card id 21901card id 22028card id 22370card id 22536card id 22985card id 23114card id 23419card id 23554card id 23852card id 24255card id 24507card id 24784card id 24980card id 25288card id 25362card id 25748card id 25955card id 26233card id 26494card id 26691card id 26942card id 27167card id 27634card id 27730card id 28137card id 28317card id 28510card id 28726card id 29122card id 29252card id 29513card id 29722card id 29952card id 30255card id 30659card id 30751card id 31047card id 31348card id 31686card id 31929card id 32046card id 32363card id 32553card id 32923card id 33242card id 33331card id 33776card id 33980card id 34048card id 34461card id 34776card id 34964card id 35236card id 35353card id 35718card id 35875card id 36409card id 36862card id 36989card id 37193card id 37604card id 37874card id 38119card id 38374card id 38531card id 38822card id 39125card id 39347card id 39644card id 39764card id 39997card id 40408card id 40528card id 40800card id 41153card id 41220card id 41619card id 41812card id 42235card id 42410card id 42585card id 42896card id 43041card id 43479card id 43747card id 44010card id 44138card id 44315card id 44723card id 44989card id 45127card id 45315card id 45811card id 45955card id 46196card id 46378card id 46733card id 47062card id 47295card id 47480card id 47660card id 47874card id 48365card id 48562card id 48837card id 49023card id 49211card id 49494card id 49773card id 50164card id 50329card id 50585card id 50912card id 51147card id 51389card id 51457card id 51924card id 52063card id 52440card id 52584card id 52884card id 53003</text>
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<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>31</id>
<text><span class="style5">tars and Galaxies (2 of 4)Galaxies</span><span class="style4">The American astronomer Edwin Hubble devised a system for classifying galaxies that is still in use. He grouped galaxies into three basic categories: elliptical, spiral and irregular. </span><span class="style43">Elliptical galaxies</span><span class="style4"> range from the spherical EO type to the very flattened E7. </span><span class="style43">Spiral galaxies</span><span class="style4"> are labeled Sa, Sb or Sc, depending upon how tightly wound the arms are. Some spirals appear to have their arms coming from the ends of a central bar and these </span><span class="style43">barred spirals</span><span class="style4"> are designated SBa, SBb or SBc. </span><span class="style43">Irregular galaxies</span><span class="style4"> are those whose shape is neither spiral nor elliptical.Sometimes known as the </span><span class="style43">Milky Way</span><span class="style4">, our own galaxy - `the Galaxy' - contains about 10 000 million stars. It is an ordinary spiral galaxy and the Sun is situated in one of the spiral arms. The diameter of the Galaxy is about 100 000 light years and the Sun is some 30 000 light years from the center. The nearest star to the Sun, Proxima Centauri, is 4.2 light years distant. The Galaxy is rotating and the Sun takes 225 million years to complete one revolution. This is sometimes called a </span><span class="style43">cosmic year</span><span class="style4">.Some galaxies are extremely active and emit vast amounts of radiation. One such galaxy is the powerful radio source Centaurus A. </span><span class="style43">Quasars</span><span class="style4"> are very distant and immensely bright objects, which are thought to represent the nuclei of active galaxies. They may be powered by massive central black holes. The most distant quasar yet detected, PKS 2000-330, is 13 000 million light years from the Earth.</span><span class="style5">Binary, multiple and variable stars</span><span class="style4">The majority of stars - over 75% - are members of binary or multiple star systems. </span><span class="style43">Binary stars</span><span class="style4"> consist of two stars each orbiting around their common center of gravity. An </span><span class="style43">eclipsing binary</span><span class="style4"> can occur where one component of the system periodically obscures, and is obscured by, the other (as seen from Earth). This leads to a reduction in the light intensity seen from Earth - which is how binary stars were first discovered. Some stars are actually complex </span><span class="style43">multiple stars</span><span class="style4">. For example, the `star' Castor in the constellation of Gemini has six individual components.Most stars are of constant brightness, but some - </span><span class="style43">variable stars</span><span class="style4"> - brighten and fade. The variability can be caused by a line-of-sight effect, as in eclipsing binaries. In other cases, changes in the star itself cause periodic increases and reductions of energy output. Variable stars can have periods ranging from a few hours to several years.</span><span class="style5">Magnitude</span><span class="style4"></span><span class="style43">Magnitude</span><span class="style4"> is a measure of a star's `brightness'. </span><span class="style43">Apparent magnitude</span><span class="style4"> indicates how bright a star appears to the naked eye. Paradoxically, the lower the magnitude the brighter the star. Magnitude is measured on a logarithmic scale, taking as its basis the fact that a difference of 5 in magnitude is equivalent to a factor of 100 in brightness. On this basis, a star of magnitude +1 is 2.512 times brighter than a star of +2, 2.512 to the power of 2 (= 6.310) times brighter than a star of +3, and 2.512 to the power of 5 (= 100) times brighter than a star of +6.The limit of naked-eye visibility depends upon how clear the sky is, but the faintest stars that can be seen on a really clear night are about magnitude +6. The world's largest telescopes can detect objects as faint as magnitude +27. Very bright objects can have negative magnitudes: the planet Venus can reach -4.4, the full Moon -12.0 and the Sun -26.8.The nearer a star is, the brighter it will appear. Different stars lie at different distances, so apparent magnitude does not measure the true brightness of a star. </span><span class="style43">Absolute magnitude</span><span class="style4"> compensates for a star's distance by calculating its apparent magnitude if it were placed at a distance of 32.6 light years (= 10 parsecs, see p. 5). For example, Sirius is a nearby star and has an apparent magnitude of -1.5. However, its absolute magnitude is +1.3. The Sun has an absolute magnitude of +4.8.</span><span class="style5">Color and temperature</span><span class="style4">The color of a star gives an indication of its temperature. Hot stars are blue, while cool stars are red. Stars are grouped into </span><span class="style43">spectral types</span><span class="style4"> according to their temperatures.</span><span class="style44">Type Color Temperature ( deg C) ( deg F)O Blue 25 000-40 000 45 000-75 000B Blue 11 000-25 000 20 800-45 000A Blue-white 7500-11 000 13 500-20 000F White 6000-7500 10 800-13 500G Yellow 5000-6000 9000-10 800K Orange 3500-5000 6300-9000M Red 3000-3500 5400-6300</span><span class="style4">Each spectral type is further subdivided on a scale 0-9. The Sun is classified as G2.</span></text>
